摘 要

土壤重金属污染严重影响生态系统的平衡，危害人类健康。植物-微生物的联合修复被认为是防治土壤重金属污染的有效途径之一。本研究对湖北省铜绿山矿区3个样地6个样品芦苇根内丛植菌根真菌（AMF）和深色有隔内生真菌（DSE）进行侵染特征分析，包括AMF和DSE侵染率测定、AMF群落结构研究、土壤理化因子与AMF、DSE侵染和分布的相关性分析。结果表明：（1）6个样品的芦苇根内均有AMF和DSE侵染，然而在重度重金属Cu污染区域，AMF和DSE侵染受到抑制；（2）AMF群落组成有显著差异，球囊霉纲的种群比例远高于其它的类型，AMF在球囊霉门的分类下的OTU数量在重度Cu污染区明显增加；（3）有机质、氮磷等基本理化性质有利于AMF的侵染，但与AMF多样性成负相关；（4）DSE侵染率与所测因子的显著性相关较小。湿地重金属污染区可以通过筛选特定的AMF菌种和宿主植物相结合，以联合修复的方式改善或解决土壤重金属污染的问题。

关键词：丛枝菌根真菌、深色有隔内生真菌、侵染特征、重金属污染修复

Abstract

 Soil heavy metal pollution seriously affect the balance of ecosystem and threaten human health. The combined remediation of plants and microorganisms is considered to be one of the effective ways to prevent and control soil heavy metal pollution.Colonization characteristics analysis of reed root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes were researched with six samples in three areas which located in Tonglvshan ore area, HuBei Province, including the analysis of AMF and DSE colonization rate, AMF community structure, soil physics-chemistry factors and the correlation analysis between them. Result shows that: (1) AMF and DSE colonization were found in the reed roots of 6 samples, and the colonization rate was inhibited in the severely Cu pollution area. (2) The difference of the composition of the AMF community in different samples were signifant, and Glomeromycetes population is much higher than other types, the number of AMF community quantity in the classification of OTU in Glomeromycota phylum increased obviously in high Cu pollution area. (3) The essential physiochemical properties of soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus were beneficialfor the increase of AMF colonization, but it was negatively correlated with the diversityof AMF communities. (4) The colonization rate of DSE was insignificantly correlated with the measured factors. The specific AMF communities and plants in heavy metal pollution area of wetland could be selected, and restored for the remediation. With the reducing the concentration of heavy metal pollution, the combined effects would be more conductive to the implementation of AMF colonization remediation.

Key Words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; dark septate endophytes; colonization characteristics heavy metal pollution remediation

目 录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 研究现状 1

1.2 菌根 2

1.2.1菌根 2

1.2.2丛枝菌根真菌 3

1.2.3深色有隔内生真菌 3

1.3 土壤理化性质 4

1.3.1 重金属元素 4

1.3.2 基本理化性质 4

1.4 相关性分析 5

1.5 研究的目的及意义 5

第2章 材料和方法 6

2.1 实验器材 6

2.2 材料采集 7

2.3 AMF与DSE侵染率的测定 8

2.3.1 试剂与样品制备 8

2.3.2 侵染率测定方法 8

2.4 AMF分子多样性测定 8

2.4.1 测序方法 8

2.4.2 AMF多样性分析 9

2.5 基本理化性质的测定 10

2.6 重金属含量的测定 10

2.7 数据统计与分析 11

第3章 实验数据的分析与统计 12

3.1 土壤理化性质分析 12

3.2 AMF和DSE侵染率观察结果 12

3.3 AMF分子鉴定结果 13

3.4 AMF分子群落组成分析 14

3.4.1 群落划分和结果 14

3.4.2 芦苇根内AMF相对丰度 16

3.4.3 不同样地AMF群落对比分析 16

3.5 土壤理化性质与AMF多样性指数、AMF/DSE侵染率的相关性分析 18

第4章 讨论 19

第5章 结论 21

参考文献 22

致 谢 24

第1章 绪论