论文总字数：18618字

摘 要

分散剂广泛应用于涂料、色浆、食品、农药等领域。传统分散剂分子量较小，易于从被分散物质上脱离，难以起到相应的稳定作用。超分散剂多为高分子结构，具有比较稳定的分散性能，对物质颗粒具有良好的分散作用。

本文以聚乙二醇400(PEG400)，聚氧丙烯600（PPG600），甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)，1,4-二羟甲基环己烷，二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),新戊二醇(NPG)作为合成的基本原料，并选择催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)，氨水为中和剂，采用预聚体法初步合成异氰酸酯封端的预聚体,并进一步进行疏水端扩链反应，最终合成一种水性聚氨酯超分散剂，通过对目标产物各项分散性能的测试，探究了DMPA,PPG,PEG,NPG物质之间摩尔量配比等因素对不同颜料分散性能的影响。

实验结果表明，适宜的工艺条件为:PEG和PPG摩尔比为1:1加入时,DMPA和NPG的摩尔比为2:1的比例加入时，此时反应体系得到的分散剂分散性能最好。

关键词：聚氨酯 预聚体 水性 扩链 超分散剂

The synthesis of aqueous super dispersant

Abstract

Dispersants are widely used in coatings, color paste, food, pesticides and other fields. The molecular weight of the traditional dispersant is small, it is easy to separate from the dispersed substance, so it is difficult to play a corresponding stabilizing role. Most of the hyperdispersants are macromolecular structures with stable dispersion properties and good dispersion to the particles.

In this paper, polyethylene glycol (PEG400),polyoxypropylene (PPG600),dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA),1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane,toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ,and neopentyl glycol (NPG) were used as raw materials , and the catalysts were selected to be dibutyltin dilaurate(DBTDL) , ammonia water as neutralizer.Isocyanate terminated prepolymer was synthesized by prepolymer method, and further hydrophobic end chain extension reaction was carried out. Finally, a kind of waterborne polyurethane hyperdispersant was synthesized. The dispersion properties of the target product were tested. The effects of the molar ratio of DMPA, PPG, PEG, and NPG on the dispersion properties of different pigments were investigated.

The results show that when the molar ratio of DMPA to NPG is 2:1 when the molar ratio of PEG to PPG is 1:1, the dispersant dispersion property of the reaction system is the best.

Key words: polyurethane; performed polymer; aqueous; chain extension; hyperdispersant

目 录

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………I

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………II

第一章 文献综述……………………………………………………………………1

1.1分散剂………………………………………………………………………1

1.1.1分散剂的介绍………………………………………………………1

1.1.2分散剂的分类………………………………………………………2

1.1.3分散剂的应用………………………………………………………4

1.2超分散剂……………………………………………………………………4

1.2.1超分散剂的介绍……………………………………………………4

1.2.2超分散剂的分子结构特征…………………………………………4

1.2.3超分散剂的分散稳定机理…………………………………………5

1.2.4锚固机理……………………………………………………………5

1.2.5溶剂化机理…………………………………………………………6

1.3超分散剂的合成路线及有关原则…………………………………………6

1.4超分散剂的国内外发展现状………………………………………………7

1.5本课题研究意义及内容……………………………………………………7

第二章 实验部分……………………………………………………………………9

2.1实验准备……………………………………………………………………9

2.1.1试剂原料 …………………………………………………………9

2.1.2实验设备及测试仪器……………………………………………11

2.2反应原理…………………………………………………………………11

2.2.1异氰酸酯封端的预聚体反应……………………………………11

2.2.2疏水端扩链反应…………………………………………………12

2.3实验操作…………………………………………………………………12

2.3.1预聚体反应操作…………………………………………………12

2.3.2扩链反应操作……………………………………………………13

2.3.3中和反应操作……………………………………………………13

2.4分散性能测试……………………………………………………………13

2.4.1粘度测试…………………………………………………………14

2.4.2着色力测试………………………………………………………14

2.4.3遮盖力测试………………………………………………………14

第三章 结果与讨论………………………………………………………………15

3.1 PEG与PPG物质量的配比对性能的影响………………………………15

3.2 DMPA的用量对分散性能的影响 ………………………………………15

3.3超分散剂对不同颜料分散性能的影响…………………………………17

第四章 结论与展望………………………………………………………………22

4.1结论………………………………………………………………………22

4.2展望………………………………………………………………………22

参考文献……………………………………………………………………………23

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………26

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