论文总字数：20012字

摘 要

由于经济的发展，环境问题越来越突出。工业废水未经处理而直接排放严重加剧了环境的污染。人们一直寻求能够有效降解工业废水中的污染物的方法，而且已经取得了很大的研究进展。TiO₂可以在紫外光下催化降解有机污染物，但是由于太阳光中紫外光的含量很少，所以限制了它的应用。钛酸铋作为新型半导体光催化材料，在可见光下具有光催化活性。已有研究表明，钛酸铋通过一些物质的修饰，可以显著提高其光催化活性。

本论文首先采用共沉淀法制备Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂，然后使其与AgNO₃和KCl反应得到AgCl修饰的Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂，再进行光还原得到Ag-AgCl修饰的Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂复合材料。接下来研究Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂复合材料在300 W氙灯照射下对甲基橙、亚甲蓝和孔雀绿三种染料的降解情况。最后研究了Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂、Ag-AgCl以及Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂三种催化剂在相同条件下对甲基橙溶液的降解情况。

实验结果表明，Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂复合材料对三种染料的降解效果都非常好；Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂催化剂对甲基橙的降解效率显著高于Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂和Ag-AgCl两种催化剂。

关键词：钛酸铋 光催化 降解 甲基橙 亚甲蓝 孔雀绿

Study on the degradation of dyestuff by Ag-AgCl modified Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ under visible light

Abstract

As a result of economic development, environmental problems are becoming more and more prominent. Industrial waste water is discharged directly without treatment, which aggravates the pollution of the environment. People have been seeking ways to effectively degrade pollutants in industrial wastewater, and great progress has been made. TiO₂ can degrade organic pollutants under UV light, but its application is limited due to its low content of UV light. Bismuth titanate, as a new type of semiconductor photocatalysis material, has photocatalytic activity under visible light. It has been shown that the photocatalytic activity of bismuth titanate can be greatly improved by the modification of some materials.

In this thesis, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ was prepared by coprecipitation method, and then reacted with AgNO₃ and KCl to obtain AgCl modified Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂. Then, the Ag-AgCl modified Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ composite was obtained by photoreduction.Next,it has been studyed that Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ composite degrades methyl orange, methylene blue and malachite green three dyes under 300 W xenon lamp irradiation. Finally, the degradation of methyl orange solution under the same conditions was investigated for three kinds of catalysts, Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, Ag-AgCl and Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂.

The experimental results show that the degradation of three kinds of dyes by Ag-AgCl- and Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ composites is very good.And the degradation efficiency of Ag-AgCl- and Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ catalysts on methyl orange was significantly higher than that of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and Ag-AgCl two catalysts.

Keywords: Bismuth titanate； Photocatalysis； degradation； Methyl orange；

Methylene blue； Malachite green

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

第一章 文献综述 1

1.1前言 1

1.2 光催化剂的发展历史 1

1.3 钛酸铋系化合物的分类 2

1.4 Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂的制备方法 2

1.4.1 共沉淀法制备Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂^[17-19] 2

1.4.2水热法制备Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ ^[20-22] 3

1.4.3 熔盐法制备Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ 3

1.4.4 溶胶-凝胶法制备Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂^[27,28] 3

1.5 Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂复合材料的制备以及结构、性能的表征 4

1.6 本次论文研究的目的及意义 4

第二章 Ag-AgCl修饰Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂催化剂的制备以及表征 5

2.1 前言 5

2.2 实验试剂与实验器材 5

2.3 实验内容 6

2.3.1 Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂的制备 6

2.3.2 Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂的制备 6

2.3.3 制备材料的表征 7

2.4 实验结果分析 8

2.4.1 电镜结果分析 8

2.4.2 X射线衍射结果分析 9

2.4.3 红外光谱分析 10

第三章 Ag-AgCl修饰Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂催化剂的光催化研究 12

3.1 前言 12

3.2 实验试剂与实验器材 12

3.3 实验中不同染料的简介 13

3.3.1 甲基橙染料 13

3.3.2 亚甲蓝染料 13

3.3.3 孔雀绿染料 14

3.4 实验内容 14

3.4.1 Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂催化剂降解三种染料 14

3.4.2 Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂、Ag-AgCl和Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂三种催化剂对甲基橙的光催化降解研究 15

3.5 Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂催化剂的光降解活性讨论 16

3.5.1 Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂催化剂降解甲基橙溶液 16

3.5.2 Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂催化剂降解亚甲蓝溶液 16

3.5.3 Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂催化剂降解孔雀绿溶液 18

3.5.4 不同材料对甲基橙染料的光催化研究 19

3.5.5 Ag-AgCl- Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂复合材料的光催化机理 20

第四章 结论与展望 21

4.1 结论 21

4.2 展望 21

参考文献 23

致谢 26

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