论文总字数：19773字

摘 要

本设计将针对处理量为14万/天的污水处理厂拟定一套设计方案，包括污水处理工艺的设计和计算，以及厂区的设计规划等等。

首先根据进水和出水水质的要求，生物处理需要选择有脱氮除磷功能的工艺类型，主要包括活性污泥法和生物膜法两种工艺。本次设计将采用氧化沟工艺。氧化沟工艺是我国目前采用较多的污水处理工艺技术之一。

前处理主要包括格栅和沉砂池，提升泵前设置第一道粗格栅，第二道格栅为细格栅，过滤掉污水中的大型漂浮物和悬浮物。沉砂池的作用是从污水中分离密度较大的无机颗粒，缩小污泥处理构筑物容积，提高污泥有机组分含量。

二沉池位于生化之后，用于分离活性污泥。这里采用幅流式沉淀池，适用于大型水处理厂，有定型的我排泥机械，运行效果较好，但要求较高的施工质量和管理水平。

消毒池主要采用液氯消毒，原因是液氯杀菌效果可靠，作用迅速，价格低廉。

污泥处理的目的是减少污泥量并使其稳定，便于污泥的运输和最终处置。主要过程是污泥浓缩，然后脱水，最终处置可以是用作肥料和改良土壤，或者进行资源化利用。也可以进行填埋处置。

工艺流程大致如下：进水→粗格栅→提升泵→细格栅→沉砂池→氧化沟→二沉池→消毒池→出水。另外，二沉池里的部分污泥回流，剩余的污泥和氧化沟中的剩余污泥一起进行污泥脱水。

关键词：水污染处理 氧化沟 脱氮除磷

ABSTRACT

With the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the important position of water environment quality is constantly improving, which makes the number of water pollution control engineering construction projects continue to rise. At present, the sewage discharge of small and medium-sized cities accounts for more than half of the total amount, which shows that the treatment of small and medium-sized water pollution in China is also gradually moving towards the road of development. This design will develop a set of design scheme for the sewage treatment plant with a capacity of 140000 / day, including the design and calculation of sewage treatment process, as well as the design planning of the plant area, etc.

First of all, according to the requirements of the water quality of the influent and effluent, the biological treatment needs to choose the process type with the function of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, mainly including the activated sludge process and the biofilm process. The most representative of activated sludge process are A2O process, SBR process and oxidation ditch process; biofilm process includes BAF and MBR, etc.

Oxidation ditch process will be adopted in this design. Oxidation ditch process is one of the most widely used wastewater treatment technologies in China. The oxidation ditch process belongs to the suspended biological treatment technology, similar to the delayed aeration process in stimulation. The common oxidation ditch includes Carrousel oxidation ditch, alternative working oxidation ditch, Orbal oxidation ditch and integrated oxidation ditch.

The pre-treatment mainly includes grid and grit chamber. The first coarse grid and the second fine grid are set in front of the lifting pump to filter the large-scale floating and suspended solids in the sewage. The role of grit chamber is to separate inorganic particles with high density from sewage, reduce the volume of sludge treatment structure and improve the organic content of sludge. There are horizontal flow grit chamber, aeration grit chamber and swirl grit chamber in domestic common grit chamber. The design adopts the cyclone grit chamber.

The secondary sedimentation tank is located after biochemical treatment for the separation of activated sludge. The common sedimentation tanks are horizontal flow, vertical flow, amplitude flow and inclined flow. It is suitable for large-scale water treatment plant to adopt the amplitude flow sedimentation tank. There is a set of sludge discharge machinery for me, which has good operation effect, but requires high construction quality and management level.

The main reason for using liquid chlorine in disinfection tank is its reliable germicidal effect, rapid action and low price.

The purpose of sludge treatment is to reduce sludge volume and make it stable, so as to facilitate the transportation and final disposal of sludge. The main process is sludge concentration, then dehydration, and the final disposal can be used as fertilizer and soil improvement, or for resource utilization. Landfill disposal can also be carried out.

The process flow is as follows: water inlet → coarse grid → lifting pump → fine grid → grit chamber → oxidation ditch → secondary sedimentation tank → disinfection tank → water outlet. In addition, part of the sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank flows back, and the remaining sludge and the remaining sludge in the oxidation ditch are dewatered together.

Key words: water pollution treatment, oxidation ditch, nitrogen and phosphorus removal

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT I

第一章 工程概况 1

1.1设计规模 1

1.2城市自然状况 1

1.3污水水质 1

1.4设计污水量 1

第二章 格栅的设计计算 3

2.1格栅 3

2.2.1粗格栅的设计参数 3

2.2.2粗格栅的设计计算 3

2.3.1细格栅的设计参数 6

2.3.2细格栅的设计计算 7

第三章 沉砂池的设计计算 10

3.1沉砂池概况 10

3.2沉砂池的设计参数 10

3.3 沉砂池的设计计算 11

第四章 氧化沟的设计计算 14

4.1氧化沟的设计参数 14

4.2设计计算 14

第五章 二沉池的设计计算 23

5.1设计要求 23

5.2二沉池的设计 23

第六章 消毒池的设计计算 26

6.1设计参数 26

6.2设计计算 26

第七章 污泥处理构筑物的设计计算 29

7.1污泥泵房设计 29

7.2污泥浓缩池 29

7.2.1污泥浓缩池说明 29

7.2.2设计参数 29

7.2.3设计计算 30

7.3污泥消化池 31

3.12.2设计参数 31

3.12.3 设计计算 32

第八章 平面布置及高程的设计计算 36

8.1废水处理厂平面布置 36

8.2高程布置 37

8.2.1高程布置原则 37

8.2.2 管渠水力计算 37

8.2.3 构筑物水头损失 38

8.2.4 污水处理厂高程布置 38

8.2.5 污泥水力损失的计算 39

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