论文总字数：24157字

摘 要

我国目前通过注水对新疆油田进行开采,但是开采的年限越长,在原油中就能发现越来越多的水。同时因为回注油田污水有很强的腐蚀性，对注水井管柱和地面管线腐蚀造成了极其严重的腐蚀。对于国家财政造成了严重的经济损失而且很大一部分原因是因为管道内部和工厂系统的腐蚀。因此，有效的缓蚀剂是防止碳钢管道腐蚀的重要手段，尤其是在管道的内部。因此本文对新疆油田污水中缓蚀剂进行了筛选和研究。

本研究以成分为：5％NaCl，0.4％CaCl₂，0.2％MgCl₂^.6H₂O，0.6％Na₂SO₄，0.04％NaHCO₃配制模拟溶液用以模拟新疆地区污水。主要针对新疆地区油田污水中Q235钢缓蚀剂进行研究，模拟污水成分，通过静态挂片法对单组份、双组份、三组分及四组份缓蚀剂复配进行了筛选，并用极化曲线，交流阻抗和滞后环等电化学方法对筛选出缓蚀剂进行了缓蚀机理研究。研究结果表明经筛选出来得到咪唑啉A与有机磷A在复配总量为40mg/L时复配效果最好，比例为20:20时腐蚀速率最小，为0.0387mm/a；复配总量为30mg/L时，比例为15:15时，腐蚀速率最小，为0.0392mm/a，从经济性考虑，选取复配总量为30mg/L，复配比例为15:15；空白试验的腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间的延长，腐蚀速率逐渐下降，后面下降有所平缓，添加缓蚀剂咪唑啉A 有机磷A的腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间的延长先显著下降，3d之后较为平缓，基本保持在0.04mm/a左右。极化曲线研究表明添加缓蚀剂比未添加缓蚀的自腐蚀电位正移，腐蚀电流减小，减缓腐蚀，复配比单组份的电阻大，腐蚀电流减小，比单组份缓蚀效果更好；交流阻抗实验表明交流阻抗谱图高频区均为单一的容抗弧，空白的容抗弧半径比添加缓蚀剂的容抗弧半径小很多，相比空白实验，缓蚀剂的存在大大增加了腐蚀反应的电荷传递阻力，从而对于Q235钢的缓蚀起到一定作用。有机磷A与咪唑啉A复配的容抗弧半径又比单组份缓蚀剂的半径大，复配的缓蚀效果更好。

关键词：缓蚀剂 模拟溶液 静态挂片法 复配 极化曲线

Abstract

At present, the xinjiang oil field water is exploited with water injection methods,with the Mining time increasing,the Water content of crude oil increased year by year,reached more than 90 percent in the late. Due to the corrosion of the reinjection oilfield sewage is very strong,the corrosion of Water injection string and surface pipeline is very serious. Therefore, the effective corrosion inhibitor is an important means of preventing carbon steel pipeline corrosion, Especially in the interior of the pipe. In this paper, the corrosion inhibitor in xinjiang oilfield sewage is screened and researched.

Based on composition: 5％NaCl，0.4％CaCl₂，0.2％MgCl₂.6H₂O，0.6％Na₂SO₄，0.04％NaHCO₃, simulation solution to simulate wastewater in xinjiang region. The main research is about Q235 steel corrosion inhibitor in xinjiang oilfield sewage, Simulate wastewater composition,screen one-component, two-component, three components and four components of the corrosion inhibitor, and polarization curve, ac impedance electrochemical methods of hysteresis loop and the corrosion mechanism was studied for the selected corrosion inhibitor.The results prove that imidazoline A Cooperate with organophosphorus A have the best effect in the distribution of total of 40 mg/L. A ratio of the corrosion rate shall lie the youngest, is 0.0387 mm/a. From economic considerations, compound with total of 30 mg/L, the mixed ratio of 15:15,With the extension of corrosion time,the corrosion rate of blank test corrosion rate is falling, and later falling flat. As the extension of corrosion time,the group which add corrosion inhibitor imidazoline A and organophosphorus A, a significant reduction in first, after 3d more gently, basically maintain at about 0.04 mm/a.Polarization curves studies have shown that compared with the group which not add corrosion inhibitor，the self corrosion potential of the group that have added corrosion inhibitor shift actively,the corrosion current decreases, and slow down the corrosion,compared with one component,the compositional formulation have greater resistance, smaller corrosion current,and a better effect. Ac impedance test indicated the high frequency region of ac impedance spectra is single capacitive reactance arc. The capacitive reactance arc radius of blank experiment is smaller than the experiment which added inhibitor of capacitive reactance arc radius. Compared with the blank experiment, The existence of the corrosion inhibitor has greatly increased the corrosion reaction of charge transfer resistance. Therefore, the existence of the corrosion inhibitor play a role on the corrosion of Q235 steel.The capacitive reactance arc radius of organophosphorus A and imidazoline A is bigger than the one of One-component corrosion inhibitor,therefore, the distribution of the corrosion effect is better.

Key words: corrosion inhibitor；simulation solution；the method of static test pieces；composite stabilizer;polarization curve

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 I

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 新疆地区油田污水腐蚀概况 1

1.2 腐蚀类型 1

1.3 缓蚀剂 2

1.3.1 油田缓蚀剂的发展 2

1.3.2缓蚀剂评定方法^[19～21] 3

1.4 本课题的研究目的及意义 6

第二章 实验内容及方法 7

2.1 引言 7

2.2 实验材料及仪器 7

2.2.1 实验材料 7

2.2.2 实验仪器 7

2.3 实验内容及方法 8

2.3.1 实验模拟溶液配制 8

2.3.2 实验内容 8

2.3.3 实验方法 8

第三章 实验结果及讨论 12

3.1 引言 12

3.2缓蚀剂的筛选 12

3.2.1 单组份缓蚀的筛选 12

3.2.2 咪唑啉A与HR1-02缓蚀剂最佳浓度的确定 13

3.2.3双组份缓蚀剂的筛选 14

3.2.4三组分缓蚀剂的筛选 16

3.2.5四组分缓蚀剂的筛选 18

3.2.6缓蚀剂的综合筛选 21

3.2.7缓蚀剂的进一步优化 22

3.3 缓蚀剂缓蚀机理的研究 24

3.3.1 极化曲线的测量 24

3.3.2 交流阻抗法研究缓蚀机理 25

3.4 腐蚀时间对腐蚀速率与缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率的影响 26

3.4.1 腐蚀时间对腐蚀速率的影响 26

3.4.2 腐蚀时间对缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率的影响 27

第四章 结论与展望 29

4.1 结论 29

4.2 展望 30

致谢 31

参考文献 32

第一章 绪论

1.1 新疆地区油田污水腐蚀概况

新疆油田原油物性特征复杂，产出水总矿化度在26×10⁴mg/L,CL^-含量高在13×10⁴mg/L，Ca² 含量在12×10³mg/L，K Na² 在12×10⁴mg/L左右。油井井筒腐蚀方面，地层产出介质中含有H₂S、CO₂的油井见水后腐蚀非常严重；在地面集输系统腐蚀方面，通过穿孔时间与设施投产来看，点蚀速度结余4mm/a-6mm/a，由此按NACE标准RP-0775-2005标准来看，点蚀已经远远高于0.38mm/a，已经可以认定为严重腐蚀和穿孔速度。所有的腐蚀主要是油水分层流动以及水相腐蚀所致，主要是内腐蚀，且穿孔部位大部分集中在外加电流阴极保护绝缘法兰附近。^[1]

油田腐蚀所造成的严重的经济损失是因腐蚀管道和工厂系统导致。因此，关键的是要防止腐蚀过程中碳钢管道，尤其是在这些管道的内部管道腐蚀是相当难以处理。防止内部管道腐蚀的一个有效的方法是从腐蚀的管道是加入有效的缓蚀剂。本文将通过静态挂片法等方法筛选缓蚀剂。

1.2 腐蚀类型

(1)CO₂腐蚀

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