论文总字数：17405字

摘 要

随着工业化的发展，企业及组织排放的有机废水越来越多，对废水进行厌氧生物生处理技术是行之有效的方法之一。但通常在处理过程中会产生大量的剩余污泥，与之而来处理成本问题，如若处理不当，又将造成严重的二次污染。ABR作为新型厌氧反应器，分隔室的特殊构造能够很好的将生物相进行分离，也为污泥的厌氧消化过程提供了可能性。

本文就此以ABR反应器作为研究对象，通过测定COD、NH₃-N、VFA、MLSS、MLVSS、脱氢酶活性等指标，对比考察改进前后ABR在处理甲醇模拟废水过程中的运行性能及污泥特性，分析ABR反应器内污泥削减的效果。实验结果表明：新型ABR反应器对COD有更好的去除效果，稳定运行后保持在98%；3个隔室的COD相对去除率逐隔室降低。改进前后ABR对氨氮去除效果都在15%左右，氨氮主要在生物接触中被去除，工艺Ⅰ和工艺Ⅱ的氨氮去除率都稳定在70%左右。新型ABR的出水VFA浓度更低，后期低于191.1mg/L。ABR反应器内脱氢酶浓度逐隔室降低。新型ABR在运行过程中流失更少的污泥量，污泥沉降性能更好，且反应器内无机泥比例更高，3#隔室达到了50.1%，降解单位质量的COD产生更少的污泥，产泥系数仅为0.004，低于改进前ABR的0.007，表明了新型ABR能够更好地实现了污泥减量化。

关键词： ABR反应器 有机废水 无机泥 减量化

Reduction of sludge in novel ABR reactor

Abstract

With the industrialization development, more and more organic wastewater is discharged by enterprises and organizations. As one of the effective methods, the anaerobic biological technology is used to treat the wastewater. However, large amounts of sludge were usually produced during the process, which caused higher treatment costs. If the sludge could not be handled properly, serious secondary pollution would be occurred. As a new anaerobic reactor, anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR), the biological phases were separated well in ABR for its special construction, which also offered the possibility of anaerobic digestion process.

In this article, the ABR reactor was studied by measuring the COD、NH₃-N、VFA、MLSS、MLVSS and dehydrogenases of wastewater, and the comparative studies were conducted on operation performance and sludge characteristics for treating wastewater between the ABR reactor and improved ABR reactor. The results showed that:

1. The new ABR reactor had better removal effect on COD, which was maintained at 98% after stable operation, and the relative COD removal ratios in the 3 compartments were reduced by the compartment.
2. Before and after the ABR improved, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen was about 15%, and the ammonia nitrogen was removed mainly in biological contact process. The removal ratios of ammonia nitrogen in process 1 and 2 were stable at about 70%.
3. The VFA concentration in outlet water of the new ABR was lower than the unimproved ABR, and lower than 191.1mg/L during the later stage.
4. In the ABR reactor, the dehydrogenase concentration was decreased by the compartment.
5. The sludge was lost less during the new ABR running process, and had a better settling performance. The proportion of inorganic sludge in sluge was higher in the reactor. and reached 50.1% in 3# compartment. Thus the sludge produced by per unit mass COD degradation was less, resulted in the sludge yield coefficient was only 0.004, below 0.007 of the unimproved ABR. Those showed the new ABR could better realize sludge reduction.

Key wards: ABR reactor, organic wastewater, inorganic sludge, reduction

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第1章 绪论 1

1.1 我国水污染现状简介 1

1.2 生物处理 1

1.2.1 好氧处理 1

1.2.2 厌氧处理 2

1.2.3 厌氧一好氧法处理 3

1.3 厌氧折流板反应器概述 3

1.3.1 厌氧消化机理 3

1.3.2 ABR反应器的工作原理 4

1.3.3 ABR反应器的特点 4

1.5 研究目的、内容与途径 5

1.5.1 研究目的 5

1.5.2 研究内容 5

1.5.3 研究途径 5

第2章 实验装置与实验方法 7

2.1 实验装置 7

2.2 实验试剂 9

2.3 实验仪器 9

2.4 实验内容 10

2.4.1 实验水样及运行参数 10

2.4.2 检测项目及方法 10

第3章 改进前后ABR的对比研究 11

3.1 COD 的去除效果对比 12

3.2新型ABR反应器三隔室COD相对去除率 13

3.3氨氮的去除效果对比 14

3.4 出水VFA对比 14

3.5污泥性能对比 16

3.5.1 SVI数据对比 16

3.5.2脱氢酶的对比 16

3.5.3 MLVSS/MLSS对比 18

3.6污泥减量化效果分析 18

第4章 结论与建议 20

4.1 结论 20

4.2 建议 21

参考文献 22

致谢 24

第1章 绪论

1.1 我国水污染现状简介

随着社会经济不断发展和工业化进程的加快，各行各业排放的废水越来越多，成分愈发复杂，对环境造成了极大的负担，其中水污染问题很严重。在众多废水中，高浓度有机废水污染物浓度高、含有大量有毒物质、且成分复杂，处理难度大，是国内外众多学者的研究重点。常用的处理技术主要分为物理法、化学法、和生物处理法，其中生物处理技术具有成本低、操作简单、效果好等优势应用最多^[1-2]。

1.2 生物处理

生物法是利用微生物本身的代谢作用降解废水中的有机物，这种方法处理运行成本较低，自动化程度高，处理能力大，无二次污染，在 加 上 微生物对环境具有很强的适应能力，应用十分广泛，是世界各国工业企业高浓度有机废水处理采用的主要技术之一^[3]。比较常用的生物处理技术为厌氧法、好氧法和厌氧 好氧法处理技术。

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