环境公益诉讼案件实证分析毕业论文
2020-05-18 21:19:01
摘 要
新《环境保护法》实施以来,全国各个省市已经发生了多起环境公益诉讼案件,自福建省南平市生态破坏环境公益诉讼案之后,环境公益诉讼迎来了破冰后的曙光,但这部史上最严格的环保法并没有使我国的环境公益诉讼出现“井喷”现象,相反环境公益诉讼面临着受理难、取证难、鉴定难、审理难等一系列困难。目前我国虽然初步建立起了环境公益诉讼制度,但依旧存在很多不足,主要有环境公益诉讼原告主体资格模糊、环境行政公益诉讼制度的缺失、环境公益诉讼审理制度不健全等。我国学术界对这些问题已经进行了深入的讨论,但立法机关对此仍然保持谨慎态度,没有颁布明确的法律条文来解决这些问题。本文首先通过分析四例环境公益诉讼案件,归纳总结出我国环境公益诉讼制度存在的不足。然后通过分析美日两国关于环境公益诉讼的规定找到我国可借鉴之处。最后结合我国司法实践和国外相关规定,为我国环境公益诉讼的进一步完善提供初步的建议。
关键词:环境公益诉讼制度 环境公益组织 公民 国家机关
Environmental public interest litigation cases empirical analysis
Abstract
Since the beginning of the new environmental protection law of the implementation of the various provinces and cities have taken place in many environmental public interest litigation cases, since the Nanping city, Fujian province ecological environment public welfare lawsuit, environmental public interest litigation ushered in the dawn after the ice, but the history of the most stringent environmental laws didn't make the environmental public interest litigation in our country "blowout" phenomenon, on the contrary the environment public interest litigation face to accept, forensics, appraisal, trial and a series of difficulties. At present our country although initially established a system of environmental public interest litigation, but still many deficiencies, mainly include the environmental public interest litigation plaintiff's subject qualification of fuzzy, the lack of environmental administrative public interest litigation system, environmental public interest litigation hearing system is not sound, etc. Chinese scholars have carried on the thorough discussion about these issues, but the legislature remains cautious, no clear legal provisions to deal with these problems. At first, this paper analyzes four cases of environmental public interest litigation cases, summarizes the problems of the environmental public interest litigation system in China. And then through the analysis of the two countries on the provisions of the environmental public interest litigation will find in our country. Finally combining with the judicial practice in our country and foreign related regulations, for further perfecting the environmental public interest litigation in our country preliminary suggestion.
Key Words: Environmental public interest litigation system; Environmental public welfare organization; Citizens; State organs
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
引言 1
一、环境公益诉讼的概念 1
二、环境公益诉讼案例分析以及原因问题归纳 3
(一)环境公益诉讼的原告主体 3
1.福建南平生态破坏案基本案情 3
2.环境公益诉讼原告主体资格问题 3
(二)检察院在环境公益诉讼中的角色分析 5
1.山东庆云污染案基本案情 5
2.检察院在环境公益诉讼中面临的问题 5
(三)高额的费用问题 6
1.云南曲靖铬渣污染案基本案情 6
2.举证难、鉴定难和高额的诉讼费用 7
(四)诉后问题 8
1.福建南靖非法采矿案基本案情 8
2.赔偿问题 8
三、美日两国的环境公益诉讼 10
(一)美日的环境公益诉讼 10
(二)美日环境公益诉讼对我国的启示 10
1.公民提起环境民事公益诉讼 10
2.公民提起环境行政公益诉讼 10
3.诉讼费用的承担 11
4.环境公益诉讼的前置程序 11
5.举证责任倒置 11
6.环境公益诉讼的救济手段 11
四、我国环境公益诉讼制度的完善 13
(一)关于原告主体的完善建议 13
1.社会组织 13
2.检察机关 13
3.行政机关 14
4.公民个人 14
(二)完善环境行政公益诉讼制度 14
(三)完善诉讼激励机制 15
(四)证据问题的建议 15
(五)赔偿问题的建议 15
结语 17
参考文献 18
致谢 20
引 言
一、选题背景及意义
1978年改革开放以来,经济迅速发展,全国人民生活水平有了显著的提高,但同时也带来了诸多环境问题,如水污染、海洋污染、光污染等,这些环境问题严重侵害了人们所共有的基本环境利益,危及人们的人身健康安全和财产安全。因此在当今中国,环境问题已经成为阻碍经济可持续发展的一道巨大屏障。当今社会环境公益诉讼已然成为了现代法治国家保护生态环境的突出手段。我国虽已初步建立了环境公益诉讼制度,但是在审理生态环境污染案件时依旧存在许多问题,环境公益诉讼无法彻底落实,公民的基本环境权利仍旧无法得到有效的保障。对争议性的生态环境污染事件,我国法院并无妥善的应对之法。为了生态环境的可持续发展,加快完善我国环境公益诉讼制度的脚步刻不容缓。为此,本课题意在通过重点分析福建南平生态破坏案、山东庆云案等一系列案件,归纳出环境公益诉讼程序中存在的问题。
二、国内外研究概况