论文总字数：20971字

摘 要

本文主要通过将一般流动性的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)与高流动丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物(SAN)以熔融共混的方式，制备具有高流动特性的ABS树脂。另外，加入乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺(EBS)和聚乙烯蜡（PE蜡）两种润滑助剂，目的是增加ABS树脂的流动性。需要考虑的是制备的ABS树脂在具有较高的流动速率的同时要保证材料兼具一定的冲击强度。

本实验利用冲击试验机、电子万能试验机、热变形维卡软化点测定仪、熔融指数测量仪等仪器对共混物的力学性能、热变形温度(HDT)、熔融指数(MFR)进行了测试与表征。结果表明，高流动SAN树脂的加入对ABS树脂的流动性和力学性能有明显的影响。其中，在ABS/SAN的配比达到100/50时，测得ABS树脂的熔融指数从8.0g/10min上升到23.1g/10min，提高了近2.9倍，流动性明显提高；同时，它的冲击强度从25.77kJ/m²下降到14.36kJ/m²，下降幅度高达44.3%左右，断裂伸长率也下降了55.6% ，表明高流动SAN的加入会使ABS树脂的韧性明显下降；最后，发现ABS树脂的刚性也有上升的趋势，它的拉伸强度从37.66MPa提高到42.77Mpa，上升幅度为13.6%，同时ABS树脂的弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了17.4%和28.9%。而润滑剂EBS和PE蜡对ABS树脂的流动性改善效果远不及高流动SAN树脂，提升的效果平均只有3.0%~6.0%左右。同时，润滑剂的加入还会使ABS树脂的韧性和刚性都略微的下降。最后，考察了高流动SAN、润滑剂EBS和PE蜡对ABS树脂的耐热性的影响，发现它们普遍会使ABS树脂的热变形温度有所下降，但是下降的幅度较小，对体系的整体性能影响不大。

关键词：ABS 高流动 SAN EBS PE蜡

Study on the preparation and properties of high flow ABS resin

Abstract

In this article, by the melt blending of general flow Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene copolymer (ABS) and high flow Acrylonitrile-Styrene copolymer (SAN), we studied and prepared high fluidity of ABS resin. In addition, in order to increase the fluidity of the ABS resin, we can also add Ethylene-Bis-Stearamide (EBS) and polyethylene wax two kinds of lubricating additives. Consider to the preparation of ABS resin with high melt flow rate, we also need to ensure the material has certain of the impact strength.

In the experiment, we use impact testing machine, electro-mechanical universal testing machine, thermal deformation Vicat softening point determination instrument, a melt index measuring instrument and other instruments on blend mechanical properties, thermal deformation temperature and melt index were tested and characterized. The results show that the fluidity and mechanical properties of ABS resin are obviously changed by high flow SAN resin. Among them, it makes the liquidity of the ABS resin increased and the result of melt index increase nearly 2.9 times; It makes the toughness decreased. Its impact strength decreased from 25.77kJ/m² to 14.36kJ/m², and the decrease range was 44%. At the same time, its elongation at break decreased by about 68%; It makes the inflexibility rose, the tensile strength was increased by about 13.6%, the flexural strength improves the 17.4% and the flexural modulus is increased by 28.9%. The addition of EBS and PE wax, as lubricant has little effect on the improvement of the fluidity of ABS resin. At the same time, they make the toughness and rigidity of ABS resin slightly decreased. Finally, the heat deflection temperature of ABS resin was investigated. It was found that high flow SAN, lubricant EBS and PE wax will all make the heat deflection temperature of ABS resin decreased. But the decrease of the rate is small and it has little influence on the whole system performance.

Key Words: ABS; high flow; SAN; EBS; PE wax

目录

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 前言 1

1.1课题背景 1

1.2国内外近展 1

1.2.1国外近展 1

1.2.2国内近展 2

1.3本课题的工作内容 3

第二章 理论部分 4

2.1 ABS树脂简介 4

2.1.1 乳液接枝- SAN掺混法 5

2.1.2 连续本体聚合法 5

2.2 聚合物流动性改性方法 6

2.2.1 高流动SAN树脂 6

2.2.2 润滑剂的影响 7

第三章 实验部分 10

3.1 实验原料 10

3.2 实验仪器与设备 10

3.3 实验配方 11

3.4 样品制备 12

3.4.1 熔融共混 12

3.4.2 压片成型 12

3.4.3 试样制备 12

3.4.4 退火处理 12

3.5 测试与表征 12

3.5.1 力学性能测试 12

3.5.2 热变形温度测试 13

3.5.3 熔融指数测定 13

第四章 结果与讨论 14

4.1 质量熔体流动速率的测定 14

4.2 耐热性能的测试 16

4.3 力学性能 17

4.3.1冲击实验 18

4.3.2拉伸实验 19

4.3.3弯曲实验 21

第五章 结论 23

参考文献 24

致谢 26

第一章 前言

1.1 课题背景

ABS树脂作为一种综合性能优良的苯乙烯系热塑性树脂，是由1947年美国United States Rubber Co.首先使用共混工艺实现了ABS树脂的工业化生产得到，它是介于通用塑料与工程塑料的一种高分子材料^[1]。从它的组成看，聚丙烯腈(PAN)中含有腈基基团，为ABS树脂提供耐热性、耐化学药品性、抗拉强度和表面硬度；聚丁二烯(PB)橡胶中拥有独立双键，分子链呈现柔顺性，并且与SAN形成接枝共聚物，形成“海-岛”结构^[2]，为ABS树脂提供耐寒性和耐冲击性；聚苯乙烯(PS)中含有苯环侧基，分子链呈现刚性，提供了ABS树脂易加工性能和光泽性等。这些组成成分优势互补，使ABS树脂具有了优良的综合性能，被广泛应用在多个领域，如办公用品、纺织、机械、家用电器、建筑及交通等 ^[3]。

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