论文总字数：21123字

摘 要

目前电子元件中的压电材料主要以PZT及铅基压电材料为主，但是这些材料中用到的PbO具有较高的毒性，并且很难回收利用，在电子元件被丢弃后，会对环境造成严重的污染。所以研究者们致力于开发出性能能够代替甚至优于铅基压电材料的无铅压电材料。

本文采用传统的固相反应法制备了(Ba_0.86Ca_0.14)(Ti_1-xHf_x)O₃ (简写为BCTH_x，其中x = 0.02，0.04，0.06) 无铅压电陶瓷，并研究了BCTH_x压电陶瓷的微观形貌、铁电性能以及应变迟滞性能随HfO₂含量变化的演变规律。实验结果表明：(1) 不同HfO₂含量的BCTH_x陶瓷断面的SEM扫描图像显示，当x=0.02时，陶瓷晶粒大小不均，气孔较多；当x=0.04时，陶瓷晶粒尺寸基本呈现均匀化，且气孔明显减少。当x=0.06时，陶瓷晶粒大小更加均匀化，陶瓷更加致密。(2) 随着HfO₂含量的增加，剩余极化 (P_r) 及最大极化 (P_max) 均增加，当x = 0.06时，P_r = 8.21 μC/cm²；P_max = 21.16 μC/cm²。(3) 单双极应变与d₃₃^*均随着HfO₂含量的增加而持续增加；但迟滞先减小后增加，在x=0.06处，S_max=0.16 %，H_ys=10.3 %。

关键词：无铅压电陶瓷 铁电性 应变 钛酸钡

ABSTRACT

At present, the piezoelectric materials in electronic components are mainly PZT and lead-based piezoelectric materials. However, PbO used in these materials has high toxicity and is difficult to be recycled. After the electronic components are discarded, it will cause serious pollution to the environment. So now researchers are committed to developing lead-free piezoelectric materials that can replace or even surpass lead-based piezoelectric materials.

In this paper, lead-free (Ba_0.86Ca_0.14) (Ti_1-xHf_x)O₃(x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) (abbreviated as BCTH_x) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by traditional solid-phase reaction method. The morphology, ferroelectric properties, and strain hysteresis properties of BCTHx piezoceramics with varied HfO₂ content were investigated. Experimental results show that: (1) SEM scan images of BCTH_x ceramic cross-sections with different HfO₂ content show that when, x=0.02, the ceramic grain size is uneven and there are many pores; When x=0.04, the ceramic grain size is basically uniform, and the pores are significantly reduced, and the ceramic is denser. (2) As the content of HfO₂ increases, the residual polarization (P_r) and maximum polarization (P_max) both increase. When x = 0.06, P_r = 8.21 μC/cm²; P_max = 21.16 μC/cm². (3) Both unipolar strain and d₃₃* continue to increase with increasing HfO₂ content; But the hysteresis goes down first and then rises, at x = 0.06, S_max = 0.16%, H_ys = 10.3%.

Key words: Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics; Ferroelectricity; Strain; Barium titanate

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRACT II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 引言 1

1.2 压电陶瓷材料 2

1.2.1 压电效应原理 2

1.2.2 压电陶瓷 2

1.2.3 压电陶瓷表征参数 4

1.3 无铅压电陶瓷材料研究进展 6

1.4 无铅压电陶瓷的应用 7

1.5 实验内容及目的 8

第二章 实验内容及性能表征 10

2.1 实验原料 10

2.2 实验步骤 11

2.3 样品的性能测试及表征 12

第三章 实验结果与分析 14

3.1 HfO₂含量对BCTH_x陶瓷微观形貌的影响 14

3.2 HfO₂含量对BCTH_x陶瓷铁电性能的影响 15

3.3 HfO₂含量对BCTH_x陶瓷应变的影响 16

第四章 结论与展望 17

4.1 结论 18

4.2 展望 18

参考文献 19

致 谢 22

第一章 绪论

1.1 引言

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