摘 要

在中外合同实务中均有广泛的运用的约定违约金条款，在合同事务中有着十分重要的作用。我国合同法第一百一十条中对于违约金作了专门的规定，同时还确定了约定违约金而未规定的法定违约金，这一点就体现了合同自由原则。我国合同法规定了可以对约定违约金进行调整，这不仅体现了合同公平原则，且体现了适度限制合同自由原则的精神。但我国的合同法还没有确定违约金的性质，仍然对违约金额度的调整没有清晰的具体规定，造成了实践中的困难。通过调查违约损害赔偿的基本问题，重点研究了违约金制度的违约金的历史、价值、性质及其他违约救济的分析，对违约金的调整这一实践难题，对我国的违约金调整的合理性和调整的规则进行了分析，提出了完善我国违约金制度问题的几点建设性建议。

关键词：约定违约金 约定违约金条款效力 违约金额度调整与制度完善

Abstract

The penalty due to breach of contract in China and foreign countries are widely used in the contract practice, made special provisions of article 114 of contract law in our country penalty due to breach of contract, determine the liquidated damages and provision of the statutory penalty due to breach of contract, embodies the principle of contract freedom. The contract law in our country can be adjusted to the liquidated damages, embodies the contract justice principle appropriate restrictions on freedom of contract principle spirit. But the nature of the liquidated damages in our country law of contract has not yet been determined, adjustment of liquidated damages provisions also unknown, cause is difficult in practice. In this paper, based on the investigation to the liquidated damages the basic problem, made a research on the key to the liquidated damages system, history, value, nature of liquidated damages and analyses the comparison with other remedy of default, adjusting for liquidated damages the intractable problems in the practice, the rationality of the adjustment from the liquidated damages and adjust the rules of comparative international adjustment of liquidated damages, liquidated damages thus to perfect our country contract law system puts forward some Suggestions of the author.

Keywords: Liquidated damages Liquidated damages clause effectiveness

Amount breach adjustment and perfection

目 录

摘要.............................................................................1

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………2

第一章：约定违约金条款及类型.....................................................4

1.1违约金与约定违约金............................................................4

1.2 约定违约金条款类型.......................................... .4

1.3 约定违约金条款效力类型.......................................... .5

第二章：约定违约金条款效力认定依据..........................................5

2.1 《合同法》有关无效格式条款的规定...........................................5

2.2《合同法》有关无效免责条款的规定...........................................6

2.3《合同法》有关无效条款的一般规定........................................6

第三章：约定违约金的调整.......................................7

3.1 约定违约金调整的理论依据................................................7

3.2约定违约金调整规则..............................................8

3.3约定违约金调整的司法实证分析..............................................9

第四章:约定违约金制度的域外经验与完善建议..........................10

4.1约定违约金制度的域外经验 ....................................................10

4.1.1大陆法系国家的经验...................................10

4.1.2英美法系国家的经验...................................11

4.2完善我国约定违约金制度的建议 ......................................11

4.2.1违约金条款适用条件的完善...................................11

4.2.2违约金调整规则的完善...................................11

4.3其他..................................................13

结束语.......................................................................．．．14

参考文献...................................................................15

致谢...........................................................................．16