摘 要

随着我国经济水平的日益发展，汽车的普及率不断增加，但随之而来的问题是交通事故逐年增多，肇事逃逸案件愈发严重。轮胎痕迹作为真实、可靠的物证信息之一，对交通事故的分析与肇事逃逸案件的侦破具有重要的作用。本文通过对轮胎痕迹的研究，加强对轮胎痕迹勘验的规范性要求，为事故处理与事后分析提供一定的帮助。

本文主要围绕对轮胎痕迹勘验与应用的分析。首先综述了国内外轮胎痕迹勘验研究现状，再阐述交通事故的基本内涵与勘验方法，然后论述轮胎的特征与轮胎痕迹的特征，其次，基于这些特征着重阐述轮胎痕迹勘验的方法与技术手段，最后分析轮胎痕迹的应用。

研究结果表明：不同种类的轮胎痕迹具有各自鲜明的特征，而轮胎痕迹的特征又受胎压、跑偏和有无ABS的影响，在轮胎痕迹勘验中对测量与提取的要求较高，对痕迹图像的处理要采取正确的处理流程，轮胎痕迹在事故中的应用包括对轮胎和车辆基本信息的推断、驾驶员制动及时性的判定、车辆速度的计算、碰撞点、事故成因和责任的认定等。

本文特色在于：层次分明、条理清晰。利用图表、公式进行论述，清晰易懂。

关键词：交通事故；轮胎痕迹；痕迹特征；勘验

Abstract

With the rapid development of China's economy, cars are becoming more and more popular, but the traffic accidents increased year by year, and accident cases increased. Tire trace, as one of the common and reliable trace evidence, plays an important role in accident analysis and traffic accident escape cases. Through the research on tire marks, it can further standardize the investigation of tire marks, and provide help for accident treatment work.

This paper mainly focuses on the research and application of tire marks. Firstly summarize the domestic and foreign tire trace investigation research present situation, and then expound the basic connotation of investigation methods of traffic accidents, and then discuss the features of tire and characteristics of tire tracks. Secondly, focus on methods and techniques of tire trace investigation based on these features. Finally analysis the application of tire marks.

The results show: Tire tracks of the different type has its own distinct characteristics, and the features of tire marks are effected by the tire pressure, off tracking and the situation of having or not having ABS. Demand high level of measurement and extraction in the investigation of tire marks, and take correct process in mark image processing. The applications of tire traces in the accident include the inference on tire and vehicle information, determination the timeliness of the driver braking, vehicle speed calculation, collision, accident causes and responsibilities identification.

Featured in this paper is structured clarity. Using charts and formulas to discuss is clear and easy to understand.

Key Words: traffic accident; tire trace; features of tire marks; investigation

目 录

第1章 绪论 3

1.1本文研究的背景及意义 3

1.2本文研究的主要内容 3

第2章 国内外轮胎痕迹勘验现状分析 4

2.1国外轮胎痕迹勘验现状 4

2.2国内轮胎痕迹勘验现状 4

第3章 道路交通事故概述 6

3.1道路交通事故的内涵 6

3.1.1道路交通事故的定义 6

3.1.2道路交通事故的形态与分类 6

3.2痕迹勘验的相关法规 6

第4章 事故现场勘验基本方法 7

4.1事故现场勘验内容与目的 7

4.1.1事故现场勘验的内容 7

4.1.2事故现场勘验的目的 7

4.2事故现场勘验的方法及步骤 7

4.2.1道路交通事故现场处置 7

4.2.2道路交通事故现场保护 8

4.2.3道路交通事故现场勘查 8

4.2.4道路交通事故痕迹物证勘验 10

4.3勘验的注意事项 10

第5章 汽车轮胎的分类及结构特征 11

5.1轮胎的分类 11

5.1.1斜交线轮胎 11

5.1.2子午线轮胎 11

5.2轮胎的结构 11

5.3轮胎花纹特征 12

5.3.1纵向花纹 12

5.3.2横向花纹 13

5.3.3纵横混合花纹 13

第6章 轮胎痕迹的勘验 15

6.1轮胎痕迹的形成机理 15

6.2轮胎痕迹分类 15

6.2.1滚印 15

6.2.2压印 15

6.2.3拖印 16

6.2.4侧滑印 16

6.3轮胎痕迹的形态 16

6.4轮胎痕迹特征 17

6.4.1不同胎压时轮胎痕迹的特征 17

6.4.2有无ABS的轮胎痕迹特征 18

6.4.3制动跑偏的轮胎痕迹特征 20

6.5轮胎痕迹的勘验方法 20

6.5.1轮胎痕迹的发现与测量 20

6.5.2轮胎痕迹的提取 25

6.5.3轮胎痕迹图像处理 26

6.5.4轮胎痕迹勘验的影响因素 28

第7章 轮胎痕迹的应用 30

7.1轮胎和车辆信息的判定 30

7.2车辆行驶速度的计算 30

7.3事故碰撞点和碰撞类型的判断 31

7.4肇事逃逸车辆的追缉 31

7.5驾驶员制动措施及时性的认定 32

7.6事故成因与责任的认定 32

第8章 结论 33

参考文献 34

致谢 36