摘 要

近几年来有关于在新能源中的应用，科学家们把目光集中在了半导体催化剂上，已有很多相关文献报道各种半导体材料，比如WO₃，但WO₃并不完美，也存在一些缺点。WO₃在实际应用中受到限制是因为WO₃禁带宽度不够窄，以及光生载流子的转移速度比较慢等。本文对其进行修饰来改善它的缺点。

因此本论文采用水热合成法来制备覆盖在FTO玻璃上的WO₃薄膜，同时在表面分别覆盖一层Cu（Ⅱ）、C₃N₄来改善WO₃作为光阳极光电解水产氧的性能。本论文研究分为三个部分：

（1）FTO/WO₃薄膜的光阳极的制备以及光电催化性能研究。通过水热合成法,经过500℃高温退火后制备出 FTO/WO₃光电极。产物经 XRD、扫描电镜、极化曲线、CV 等方法表征。通过该实验，我们发现制备出来的三氧化钨薄膜有较好的光电效应。

（2）铜（Ⅱ）（CuCl₂▪2H₂O）修饰三氧化钨光电极的制备以及光电催化性能研究。通过水热合成法-浸渍法，即将上述水热合成法得到的FTO/WO₃薄膜置于5mM的CuCl₂的溶液中浸渍，在空气中晾干后，将这些含铜（Ⅱ）的薄膜置于马弗炉中在上述相同条件下退火，最后得到薄膜电极。产物经 XRD、扫描电镜、极化曲线、CV 等方法表征。

（3）FTO/WO₃/C₃N₄光电极的制备及其光电化学和光电催化性能研究。通过水热合成法-煅烧法，即将上述水热合成法得到的FTO/WO₃薄膜置于装有三聚氰胺的坩埚中烧结，最后得到FTO/WO₃/C₃N₄电极。测试产物的电化学性能。

关键词：WO₃光阳极、光电催化、产氧

Abstract

In recent years, the application of semiconductor photocatalyst in energy has been developing rapidly. At present, many related materials have been reported in the literature. However, there are some shortcomings in WO₃, such as relatively wide forbidden band width and relatively slow transfer of photogenerated carriers , So that its application in practice is limited. In order to overcome or reduce their own shortcomings, need to be modified.

Therefore, this paper prepared the WO₃ film covered with FTO glass by hydrothermal method, and covered Cu (Ⅱ) and C₃N₄ on the surface to improve the oxygen production of WO₃ as photocatalytic electrolysis. This paper is divided into three parts:

(1) Preparation of FTO / WO₃ Film Electrode and Its Photoelectrochemistry and Photoelectrocatalytic Properties. The FTO / WO₃ photoelectrode was prepared by high temperature annealing at 500℃by hydrothermal synthesis. The products were characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscopy, polarization curves and CV. Through this experiment, we found that the prepared tungsten trioxide film has a good photoelectric effect.

(2) Preparation of Copper (Ⅱ) Modified Tungsten Trioxide Electrode and Its Photoelectrochemistry and Photoelectrocatalytic Properties. The FTO / WO₃ film obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis method was immersed in a solution of 5 mM CuCl2 by a hydrothermal synthesis method and a dipping method. After drying in air, these films containing copper (II) were placed in a horse The furnace was annealed under the same conditions as above to obtain a thin film electrode. The products were characterized by XRD, scanning electron microscopy, polarization curves and CV. Through this experiment, we found that the prepared tungsten trioxide film has a good photoelectric effect.

(3) Preparation of FTO / WO₃ / C₃N₄ Electrode and Its Photoelectrochemistry and Photoelectrocatalytic Properties. The FTO / WO₃ film was sintered in a crucible containing melamine by hydrothermal synthesis-impregnation method, i.e., the FTO / WO3 film obtained by the hydrothermal synthesis method described above. The product was characterized by polarization curve, CV and other methods.

Key words: WO₃ photocathode, photoelectrocatalysis, oxygen production

目录

第1章 绪论 1

1.1纳米材料简介 1

1.1.1纳米材料的分类 1

1.1.2纳米材料的制备 1

1.1.3纳米材料的应用 2

1.2光电催化技术简介 2

1.2.1光电催化机理 2

1.2.2光电催化技术的影响因素 3

1.3WO₃半导体材料概述 4

1.3.1基本物理性质 4

1.3.2WO₃薄膜制备方法 4

1.3.3WO₃光电催化原理及性能改善途径 6

第2章 铜修饰三氧化钨光电极的制备及其光电化学和光电催化性能研究 9

2.1引言 9

2.2实验部分 10

2.2.1实验试剂和仪器 10

2.2.2WO₃电极的制备 10

2.2.3浸渍法Cu（Ⅱ）修饰WO₃电极的制备 11

2.2.4水热合成法Cu（Ⅱ）修饰WO₃电极的制备 12

2.2.5电极的表征与分析 12

2.2.6 光电化学性能测试 18

2.3结果与讨论 24

第三章 总结与展望 25

3.1结论 25

3.2展望 25

致谢 26

参考文献 27

第1章 绪论

由于全球人口的爆炸性增长以及人们有越来越高的物质水平的要求，人类对能源的需求大大增加，使得地球上可利用的化石能源越来越少。再由于工业快速发展产生巨大的污染。所以开发和利用可再生能源无污染的新能源是大势所趋而且迫在眉睫。

太阳能作为一种可再生的纯净能源具有很大的优势：储存丰富,能够源源不断供应；清洁安全,没有任何环境污染物；太阳能在哪里都有，没有地理限制，所以是现在看来最为理想的无污染的可再生能源。